落叶松规格材抗弯性能特征值研究

以国产兴安落叶松规格材为例,根据美国标准ASTM D4761-96对规格材进行抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度测试,并参照ASTM D1990-97,利用非参数法和参数法估计,初步得出兴安落叶松规格材抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度特征值.为完善我国结构用规格材强度测试方法与强度特征值确定方法标准提供参考.     

Derivation and application of an equation for calculating shear modulus of three-ply laminated material beam from shear moduli of individual laminae

In a detailed study of the relation between the deflection caused by shear force and the constitution of a laminated material beam, we derived an equation for calculating the shear modulus of a laminated material beam from the shear moduli of individual laminae. The validity of the derived equation was investigated using crosslaminated wood beams made with five species. The calculated shear moduli parallel to the grain of face laminae ranged from 48.3 MPa to 351 MPa, while those perpendicular to the grain of face laminae ranged from 58.0 MPa to 350 MPa. The calculated shear moduli increased markedly with increasing shear modulus in a cross section of perpendicular-direction lamina of a cross-laminated wood beam. The calculated apparent modulus of elasticity (MOE) of cross-laminated wood beams agreed fairly well with the measured apparent MOE values. This fact indicated that the apparent MOE of cross-laminated wood beam was able to be calculated from the true MOE values and shear moduli of individual laminae. The percentage of deflection caused by shear force obtained from the calculated apparent MOE (Y _sc) was close to that obtained from the measured apparent MOE (Y _s) and there was a high correlation between both values. From the above results, it was concluded that the derived equation had high validity in calculation of shear modulus of a cross-laminated wood beam.     

平原区土地整理适宜水面率研究

依据水文学和农田灌排基本原理,从除涝和环境等多角度出发,对平原区土地整理项目区的产汇流和需水容量进行分析,针对土地整理项目区的水系条件等建立其适宜水面率分析模型：选择CODCr作为水环境容量计算的基本控制因子,执行国家地表水质量标准中的Ⅳ类或Ⅴ类标准,用水环境容量基本公式推求坑塘河沟蓄水量,根据坑塘河沟平均正常蓄水深度分析水环境容量水面率R环境;用项目区设计排涝模数反推除涝时的滞蓄水量,根据滞涝水深（考虑坑塘河沟预降）分析除涝水面率R除涝。平原区土地整理项目的适宜水面率R平原=R除涝∪R环境。     

Effects of Vibration History on Modulus and Damping of Clay

Aiming at evaluating the effects of vibration history on dynamic characteristics of normally consolidated clay, a series of multi-cycled cyclic shear tests were conducted on 16 soil samples under consolidation pressure of 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 300 kPa and 500 kPa respectively. The experimental results reveal that, on the stage of drainage and consolidation, with the development of duration shear modulus curve ascends while damping curve descends; this trend became significant as consolidation pressure increased. The variation tends to be stable in 25 hours. When subjected to cyclic loading controlled by constant strain amplitude, both the modulus and damping of soil samples change significantly during the first 50 cycles, and then the differences become moderate afterwards, in which the damping curve acts in hyperbolical type. It is also found that there exists a clear sign of pre-straining that affects damping more significantly than modulus.     

Pilodyn在桉树活立木材性质评估中的应用

测定了建立在广西22个4年生桉树无性系的Pilodyn值、木材基本密度、边材木材密度、心材木材密度和弹性模量。结果表明：Pilodyn值为9．44—15．41mm、木材密度为0．3514-0．4913g·cm^-3、弹性模量在3．94GPa到7．53GPa之间;Pilodyn值在不同处理、不同方向及不同参试无性系间均存在极显著差异。Pilodyn值与各材性指标间的相关系数在-0．433到-0．755之间,呈显著到极显著负相关。研究表明,Pilodyn方法可以预测桉树活立木的木材密度和弹性模量。     

薄板类木质材料弹性模量的动态测定

传统的材料弹性模量测定方法都是对材料试件进行静态变形试验,测定过程复杂、消耗时间长。本文以快速测量薄板类木质材料弹性模量为目标,探讨了一种基于悬臂梁自由振动原理的动态无损快速测定方法,研制出1台测量装置样机。首先用垂直悬臂夹持薄板木质材料试件上端,然后对其自由端施加1个初始变形,使其自由振动起来。采集试件振动信号,分析计算出振动的第一阶固有频率和振幅对数减缩,进而计算出试件的动态性能。测定效果表明:测量装置样机达到了研发目的,能快速测量试件的动态弹性模量。     

Evaluation of rolling shear strength of plywood by flexural vibration method

The rolling shear strength of plywood was evaluated using a flexural vibration test. Test specimens were lauan and Douglas fir three-ply plywoods made from thick veneers. The dynamic shear and Young's moduli were determined using the flexural vibration method, which involved in-plane and out-of-plane flexural vibration. The rolling shear strength was determined using the static destructive method, which is dependent on the direction of the lathe check in the core veneer. Before and after accelerated aging treatments were conducted, there were relations between out-of-plane dynamic properties (out-of-plane shear and Young's moduli) and its rolling shear strength. It was concluded that the rolling shear strength is related not only to the shear property of the core but the flexural stiffness of two faces when the deformation of out-of-plane plywood was not restrained.Part of this work was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of The Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

黄河中游多沙粗沙区输沙模数变化分析

该文根据绘制的黄河中游输沙模数与粗泥沙模数等值线图,研究分析了黄河中游多沙粗沙区输沙模数与粗沙模数变化规律。     

含水率对樟子松细胞壁弹性模量和硬度的影响规律

为探明水分对木材细胞壁力学性能的影响，选取樟子松为对象，利用热水、1%氢氧化钠以及苯-乙醇溶液在80 ℃、6 h、固液比1:20的工艺条件下对试样进行抽提处理，抽提后的木材样品加工成金字塔形，然后对试样进行吸湿处理并且调控试样含水率，借助纳米压痕测试研究含水率对木材细胞壁力学性能的影响，并建立机理模型做进一步分析。结果表明，随着含水率的增加，木材的纵向弹性模量与硬度，均出现了一定程度的下降。分析发现，水分子进入细胞壁后与游离羟基形成氢键，随着含水率增加，会被部分原有的氢键破坏，并与之前进入的水分子形成氢键，在内部形成水分子簇，增大了细胞壁分子链之间的距离，使空隙增多，进而降低木材的弹性模量，且水分会使木材细胞壁主成分逐渐软化，硬度降低。     

油菜秸秆纤维混凝土抗冻性能的试验研究

将处理后的油菜秸秆纤维切成10 ~ 15 mm、>15 ~ 20 mm、>20 ~ 25 mm、>25 ~ 30 mm等4种长度，以体积掺量分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%掺入混凝土中，进行冻融循环试验，观察油菜秸秆纤维混凝土冻融循环25、50、75、100次的表观形貌，测定其质量和动弹性模量，研究油菜秸秆纤维长度和体积掺量对混凝土抗冻性能的影响，并对油菜秸秆纤维混凝土的使用寿命进行预测。结果表明：当油菜秸秆纤维长度>15 ~ 20 mm、体积掺量为0.2%时，混凝土的抗剥落能力最强，冻融循环100次后，其相对动弹性模量最大，为93.1%，较普通混凝土的提高34.4%，抗冻性能最佳；威布尔分布模型和一元二次函数模型均能较好地反映油菜秸秆纤维混凝土的冻融损伤过程，一元二次函数模型的拟合精度均大于0.98；仅考虑冻融劣化作用，抗冻性能最佳组的油菜秸秆纤维混凝土的使用寿命约为普通混凝土的2.4倍，在哈尔滨使用寿命可达16.7 a、拉萨可达17.3 a、石家庄可达36.7 a、长沙可达136.1 a、上海可达189.3 a。